There are three major domestic rodents in Malaysia, the house mouse, the Norway rat and the Roof rat. Rat and mice contaminate much more than they eat, with the result that infested or damaged food products must be destroyed.
House mouse, Mus musculus
The house mouse has a keen sense of touch, smell, and hearing. It can run, jump, and swim well. Each male mouse stakes out a territory around his nest. He may not travel more than 3 m from his nest if food is near by. Mice are not suspicious of new foods and eagerly sample them. Females are capable of breeding again 3 to 6 weeks after giving birth, and usually average 6 - 8 litters each year. Mice can survive small amount of water.
Norway Rats, Rattus norvegicus.
The rats are larger than the other species of rats, and when it invades an area it may force out other species.This rats can be distinguished by its large body, small ears, and the fact that the tail is shorter than the head and body together. They prefer food with high carbohydrate and protein content.
Norway rats have a life span of 6 - 12 months. The young reach sexual maturity in about 3 months, and they can breed once each month. A female produces an average is 3 to 6 litters and 6 to 8 young per litters. The Norway rat frequently nests outdoors in underground burrows, and less often indoors. Rats nesting outdoors will forage for food indoors at night and return to their burrows after feeding.
The roof rat often found in urban areas, and along the coast. They are excellent climbers and may build their nests in trees and vines, but they will also nest inside buildings, in ground burrows, and under piles of rubbish.
Roof rats have life span of about 8 months. The young reach sexual maturity in 2 - 3 months, and they can breed as often as once each month. A female may produce an average of 4 to 6 litters and about 10 young per litter.
The most effective strategy for rodents control is to change the infested environment to make it less favorable for them. Rodents control begins with increasing the level of sanitation in the infested structure, and preventing rodents from entering. In addition to sanitation, there are chemical and non-chemical methods that can be used for control.
Stick Traps can be used to monitor for the presence of rodents in a structure, and for reducing small populations.
Storm Rodenticide is put on the glue board to attract rodents.
Acute rodenticides often affect the rodents within 24 hours, however a lethal amount must be eaten. If a lethal amount is not eaten, the individual rat or mouse will become ill, but will not die. These rodent control chemicals often result in a large portion of the rodent population avoiding the baits (bait shyness), and long-term control is not achieved.
The anticoagulant type rodenticides provide kill of rats and mice within about 10 days and usually one-meal. They do not have to eat a large amount of the toxic bait. This helps to eliminate the potential of bait shyness and improves control, There are several different methods of delivering the anticoagulant rodenticides, usually they are formulated in granular or bait block.
Anticoagulant type rodenticides is placed at strategic location.
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